HACCP stands for hazard analysis and critical control point . It ’s a management system to help control biological , chemical and physical hazards to decline the risk of food contamination ( b ) 1 . record keeping 2 . control hazard analysis 3 . monitor critical control points 4 . establish corrective action RTO Connect Pty Ltd T / A ...Dec 18, 2018 · HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point. The HACCP is an internationally recognised system for reducing the risks of food safety hazards and food illness across the globe. - HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. What is the HACCP system? - It's a self-inspection system designed to control physical, chemical, biological and allergen contamination at all points in food processing. The acronym “HACCP” stands for “Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point.” It is a preventive approach implemented by industry to control food safety hazards. Using HACCP principlesSetting a benchmark for food quality, safety, and processes across the world, ISO 22000 combines the core of ISO 9001 and the principles of HACCP to help ensure food safety for the global supply chain. FSSC 22000. As already mentioned, the FSSC 22000 scheme builds upon the ISO 22000 standard’s FSMS in creating a framework for processes.Looking for the definition of HACCP? Find out what is the full meaning of HACCP on Abbreviations.com! 'Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point' is one option -- get in to view more @ The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource.12 steps of HACCP. -Assemble the multidisciplinary HACCP team. -Describe the product. -Identify its intended use. -Construct a flow diagram. -Conduct on-site confirmation of the flow diagram, and draw up the plant schematic.Principles of HACCP: Principle 1: Conduct a hazard analysis. Principle 2: Determine the critical control points (CCPs). Principle 3: Establish critical limits. Principle 4: Establish monitoring procedures. Principle 5: Establish corrective actions. Principle 6: Establish verification procedures. Principle 7: Establish record-keeping and ...Workplace Safety. CCP stands for Critical Control Point, a point at which preventative measures must be applied in order to reduce, prevent, or eliminate a safety hazard. Most widely used in the food industry, CCPs are essential steps within a business’s entire process, from purchasing raw ingredients right through to preparation.information to determine whether the HACCP plan, when properly implemented, will effectively control the identified animal and human hazards. (l) Verification . means those activities, other than monitoring, that establish the validity of the HACCP plan and that the system is operating according to the plan. Section 3: ComplianceHACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. It is a food safety management system which some 150 countries have adopted. Stakeholders analyze and control for physical, chemical, and biological hazards from the production of raw materials, to final consumption. The HACCP system aims to identify and control potential hazards at ... The Safe Quality Food (SQF) Program is a rigorous and credible food safety and quality program that is recognized by retailers, brand owners, and food service providers world-wide. Recognized by the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI), the SQF family of food safety and quality codes are designed to meet industry, customer, and regulatory ...Hazard analysis and critical control points, or HACCP ( / ˈhæsʌp / [citation needed] ), is a systematic preventive approach to food safety from biological, chemical, and physical hazards in production processes that can cause the finished product to be unsafe and designs measures to reduce these risks to a safe level. Acronyms related to food safety. Jeannine P. Schweihofer, Michigan State University Extension - April 13, 2012. Learn what HACCP, GMP, SOP, SSOP all mean and examples of preventing various hazards before the food leaves the farm. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a systems approach to improving food safety by preventing ...Aug 24, 2018 · Principles of HACCP: Principle 1: Conduct a hazard analysis. Principle 2: Determine the critical control points (CCPs). Principle 3: Establish critical limits. Principle 4: Establish monitoring procedures. Principle 5: Establish corrective actions. Principle 6: Establish verification procedures. Principle 7: Establish record-keeping and ... HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point, that is an analytical system to address the food safety, by controlling and assuring the physicochemical and biological parameters ...HACCP definition. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point and it is defined as an active food safety program that uses a systematic approach to establish a control measure system and resolve the loss of control over food safety.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like HACCP is an acronym that stands for:, Which of the hazards is HACCP mostly concerned with?, If potentially hazardous foods are left in the Temperature Danger Zone for more than two hours, the following corrective action should be taken: and more.HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. It is a food safety management system which some 150 countries have adopted. Stakeholders analyze and control for physical, chemical, and biological hazards from the production of raw materials, to final consumption. The HACCP system aims to identify and control potential hazards at ... HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. It is a safe food production system originated and developed for U.S. Space Programme in 1960s when the idea of Critical Control Point (CCP) was first introduced to produce safe and uncontaminated foods for astronauts. Since the 1970s, HACCP was adopted by a number of large food ...HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, and it is a management system that addresses food safety. A good HACCP plan analyzes the potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards that come up through the supply chain and addresses those risks. From raw material production and handling to processing, distributing and ... - HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. What is the HACCP system? - It's a self-inspection system designed to control physical, chemical, biological and allergen contamination at all points in food processing.quiz 17, 18, & 19. Get a hint. What does the acronym HACCP stand for and why is it used? Click the card to flip 👆. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points, it is a proactive approach to food safety. They identify specific food at risk and the points at which mishandling will likely occur. What are the three types of hazards and provide one ... HACCP stands for “Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point.” A HACCP Plan includes a series of procedures to control the process and sensitive points in the food chain, with the ultimate goal of producing consumer foods that are safe for consumers’ health.The objective of the regulation is to ensure the individual is qualified to create and manage a FSMA-compliant food safety plan. Although many facilities already have an appointed individual for managing HACCP, there are some differences among FSMA and HACCP, which is why the need for specific PCQI is warranted. Having a designated PCQI can ... HACCP is simple, it's effective and this is how it works. 1. Conduct a Hazard Assessment . The first principle is to conduct a hazard assessment. This means to identify hazards associated with the food product in question. This includes assessing hazards in growing and harvesting ingredients, processing, distribution, merchandising and even ... Question 5. B. A group of people who have the skills and knowledge needed to develop, implement. and maintain a HACCP system. Question 6. A. It is used to guide businesses through the process of identifying food safety hazards. Question 7. B. Cooking chicken to reach a temperature of 165°F (74°C) for 15 seconds.The acronym “HACCP” stands for “Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point.” It is a preventive approach implemented by industry to control food safety hazards. Using HACCP principles The concept of the Operational Prerequisite Program (oPRP) was introduced by the ISO in their food safety management standard, ISO 22000. It is defined as a control measure that the hazard analysis identifies as critical to control the likelihood of introducing food safety hazards or the contamination or proliferation of these hazards in the product(s) or the processing environment.The Safe Quality Food (SQF) Program is a rigorous and credible food safety and quality program that is recognized by retailers, brand owners, and food service providers world-wide. Recognized by the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI), the SQF family of food safety and quality codes are designed to meet industry, customer, and regulatory ...HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. It is a food safety management system which some 150 countries have adopted. Stakeholders analyze and control for physical, chemical, and biological hazards from the production of raw materials, to final consumption. The HACCP system aims to identify and control potential hazards at ... There are seven steps you need to follow when creating a plan. To help explain each step, we’ll use house-made pepperoni as an example. Imagine that you’re creating a HACCP plan because you want to cure your own pepperoni. Perform a hazard analysis. This step will help you identify possible food hazards in your establishment.Guidance for Industry: Juice HACCP and the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act December 2021. Guidance for Industry: Refrigerated Carrot Juice and Other Refrigerated Low-Acid Juices June 2007 ... Other Questions/Answers. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point. This system is designed to fight safety hazards potentially present in food throughout the manufacturing process. Any company that is involved in manufacturing and processing food has the potential to implement the HACCP system and is highly encouraged to do so.HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points. What does HACCP stand for and why is it used? ‘HACCP’ is an analysis of the raw materials, finished products, processing steps, and storage procedures for a food product. In addition to helping in the prevention of foodborne illness, HACCP can also be used as a quality management ...Oct 24, 2016 · What does HACCP stand for and why is it used? HACCP stands for ‘Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points’ and is an internationally-recognised food safety management system that helps businesses to identify, evaluate and control the hazards that pose a significant risk to food safety. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points. This consists of a plan that keeps people safe from hazards found in foods from the beginning of its processing all the way to the end product. The HACCP management process specifically keeps track of the following: Raw material processing. Procurement and handling.Jun 20, 2023 · Correct Answer. A. Updating the HACCP Plan annually or as processing changes occur. 5. An unknown man dressed in a suit enters the warehouse. You should: A. Approach the man and ask him who he is. B. Ask the man if he has checked in or called the main office. Jan 14, 2019 · Although the proposed HARPC aligns well with the HACCP plan, it differs in part in that the science or risk-based preventive controls, rather than critical control points, are required. Therefore, the establishment of critical limits would not be required under the HARPC. However, the validity of preventive controls for minimizing the ... Terms in this set (31) The acronym HACCP stands for. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. The 2 major thrusts of HACCP is to ___ and ___. prevent and document. The HACCP concept was developed in the 1950's by ___ and ___. NASA, Natick laboratories. What is a critical control point?Apr 26, 2019 · Think of HACCP principles as the steps you need to take to manage and control food safety risks in your business. 1. Conduct a hazard analysis. The first step in any Food Safety Plan (or HACCP Plan) is to identify all possible food safety hazards that could occur in your business. First, consider your processes. Juice HACCP Regulation. Juice HACCP Final Rules. HACCP Procedures for the Safe and Sanitary Processing and Importing of Juice: Final Rule Federal Register January 19, 2001; Labeling of Juice ...GHP & HACCP. All consumers have the right to expect and demand safe, good quality food. A lack of food safety assurance can lead to failure of food businesses and destroy national food sectors. Food safety/quality management and assurance systems along the supply chain ensure that food businesses can keep food safe.The concept of the Operational Prerequisite Program (oPRP) was introduced by the ISO in their food safety management standard, ISO 22000. It is defined as a control measure that the hazard analysis identifies as critical to control the likelihood of introducing food safety hazards or the contamination or proliferation of these hazards in the product(s) or the processing environment.Responsible Service of Alcohol. ‘HACCP’ stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points, and is a food safety and risk assessment plan that was initially developed in the 1960s by NASA and a group of food safety specialists. These two groups came together to solve two critical problems facing NASA's crewed space missions: crumbs and ... Looking for the definition of HACCP? Find out what is the full meaning of HACCP on Abbreviations.com! 'Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point' is one option -- get in to view more @ The Web's largest and most authoritative acronyms and abbreviations resource.HACCP stands for “Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point.” A HACCP Plan includes a series of procedures to control the process and sensitive points in the food chain, with the ultimate goal of producing consumer foods that are safe for consumers’ health.HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point System. These words have their own underlying meaning: H stands for Hazard: A hazard that may be present in a product and can subsequently pose a threat to the health of the consumer. Think of bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, chemicals and physical hazards such as glass, metal etc. Food safety programs are based on Codex Alimentarius Commission’s HACCP system and guidelines, or Standard 3.2.1 of the Food Standards Code. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point. identify potential hazards that may occur in all food handling operations carried out in the business. provide corrective actions when a ...HACCP definition. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point and it is defined as an active food safety program that uses a systematic approach to establish a control measure system and resolve the loss of control over food safety.HARPC encompasses far more in the way of food safety assessment and control, than a traditional HACCP plan. BRCGS Global Standard For Food Safety Issue 8: Issue 7 To 8 Conversion Course This course provides attendees with an in-depth understanding of the revisions to the Standard requirements for Issue 8.quiz 17, 18, & 19. Get a hint. What does the acronym HACCP stand for and why is it used? Click the card to flip 👆. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points, it is a proactive approach to food safety. They identify specific food at risk and the points at which mishandling will likely occur. What are the three types of hazards and provide one ... Dec 10, 2021 · HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point systems. It is a management tool used to protect food in the food supply against biological, chemical and physical hazards. It concentrates on points in the food production process that are critical to the safety of the product being produced. The objective of the regulation is to ensure the individual is qualified to create and manage a FSMA-compliant food safety plan. Although many facilities already have an appointed individual for managing HACCP, there are some differences among FSMA and HACCP, which is why the need for specific PCQI is warranted. Having a designated PCQI can ... The HACCP system can be used at all stages of a food chain, from food production and preparation processes including packaging, distribution, etc. HACCP has been increasingly applied to industries other than food, such as cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. What does HACCP stand for is a very common question, let’s go thru it in detailsDec 18, 2018 · HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point. The HACCP is an internationally recognised system for reducing the risks of food safety hazards and food illness across the globe. HACCP stands for ‘Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points’. HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points) is a systematic preventive approach to food safety that identifies, analyzes, and controls hazards along the entire food chain. NASA created the HACCP system in the 1960s to ensure astronauts' safety while traveling in space. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points The HACCP system focuses on prevention rather than reaction to hazards. This method is widely used in food manufacturing and is the basis for prestigious standards such as Global Food Safety Initiatives, including SQF certification, BRCGS certification, and FSSC 22000 certification .HACCP is the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points when dealing with food that is meant for consumer consumption. It was designed in the 1960s as a way to manufacture food for space flights. What first originated as 3 principles have now grown to 7 HACCP standards to ensure the highest quality grade of food preparation and production.Good. United States. Gender: Male. Location: Western New York. Interests: I'm a nerd, enough said. Posted 07 July 2015 - 07:42 PM. I refer to pigs in my HACCP meetings all the time. I have only ever used it when assessing the risk of microorganisms and not other types of hazards. P = The presence of a microorganism.HACCP definition. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point and it is defined as an active food safety program that uses a systematic approach to establish a control measure system and resolve the loss of control over food safety.The objective of the regulation is to ensure the individual is qualified to create and manage a FSMA-compliant food safety plan. Although many facilities already have an appointed individual for managing HACCP, there are some differences among FSMA and HACCP, which is why the need for specific PCQI is warranted. Having a designated PCQI can ...Jun 21, 2022 · HACCP Regulation for Fish and Fishery Products: Questions and Answers January 1999 Seafood HACCP: Draft Proposal - Federal Register Volume 59, Number 19 (Friday, January 28, 1994) Seafood HACCP ... Oct 6, 2018 · HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. It is a safe food production system originated and developed for U.S. Space Programme in 1960s when the idea of Critical Control Point (CCP) was first introduced to produce safe and uncontaminated foods for astronauts. Since the 1970s, HACCP was adopted by a number of large food ... HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points. What does HACCP stand for and why is it used? ‘HACCP’ is an analysis of the raw materials, finished products, processing steps, and storage procedures for a food product. In addition to helping in the prevention of foodborne illness, HACCP can also be used as a quality management ...The acronym “HACCP” stands for “Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point.” It is a preventive approach implemented by industry to control food safety hazards. Using HACCP principlesHACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points. It is a process designed to assure food safety, prevent problems, increase food safety standards, ensure you comply with the law, and organize your process to produce safe food. A HACCP plan consists of 7 principles, including: Hazard Analysis. Identifying Critical Control Points (CCP)What does HACCP abbreviation stand for? List of 68 best HACCP meaning forms based on popularity. Most common HACCP abbreviation full forms updated in August 2023 HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point systems. It is a management tool used to protect food in the food supply against biological, chemical and physical hazards. It concentrates on points in the food production process that are critical to the safety of the product being produced.Jul 6, 2015 · Good. United States. Gender: Male. Location: Western New York. Interests: I'm a nerd, enough said. Posted 07 July 2015 - 07:42 PM. I refer to pigs in my HACCP meetings all the time. I have only ever used it when assessing the risk of microorganisms and not other types of hazards. P = The presence of a microorganism. GHP & HACCP. All consumers have the right to expect and demand safe, good quality food. A lack of food safety assurance can lead to failure of food businesses and destroy national food sectors. Food safety/quality management and assurance systems along the supply chain ensure that food businesses can keep food safe.Looking for online definition of HACCP or what HACCP stands for? HACCP is listed in the World's most authoritative dictionary of abbreviations and acronyms.What is HACCP? HACCP stands for. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points and is aimed at risk assessment for food products. That makes it a system for food safety. The HACCP system originated in American space exploration. In the 1960s, NASA came up with it as a way to inspect astronaut food. It was an important mission to ...HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. This is a food safety management plan originally developped by the the NASA and the Pillbury company in the late 50's. This is used across a wide scope of food production and food business services, ranging from Farm to Fork, and including anything in between, such as transport companies ...Oct 6, 2018 · HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. It is a safe food production system originated and developed for U.S. Space Programme in 1960s when the idea of Critical Control Point (CCP) was first introduced to produce safe and uncontaminated foods for astronauts. Since the 1970s, HACCP was adopted by a number of large food ... Fill each fillable area. Be sure the information you fill in Haccp Plan For Beef Burgers is updated and correct. Add the date to the record using the Date feature. Click on the Sign tool and create an e-signature. There are 3 available choices; typing, drawing, or capturing one. Re-check every field has been filled in correctly.HACCP is a way of managing food safety hazards. Food safety management procedures should be based on HACCP principles. HACCP involves: looking closely at what you do in your business, what could go wrong and what risks there are to food safety. identifying any critical control points the areas a business needs to focus on to ensure those risks ...HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point. The HACCP is an internationally recognised system for reducing the risks of food safety hazards and food illness across the globe.HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, and it is a management system that addresses food safety. A good HACCP plan analyzes the potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards that come up through the supply chain and addresses those risks. From raw material production and handling to processing, distributing and ... Hazard analysis and critical control points, or HACCP ( / ˈhæsʌp / [citation needed] ), is a systematic preventive approach to food safety from biological, chemical, and physical hazards in production processes that can cause the finished product to be unsafe and designs measures to reduce these risks to a safe level. What does HACCP stand for? HACCP is an acronym for three of the plan's essential components. HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. Below, we go through the meaning of the five-letter acronym in detail: 1. Hazard - Hazard identification is the first and main target of this food safety management system.Mar 28, 2023 · Setting a benchmark for food quality, safety, and processes across the world, ISO 22000 combines the core of ISO 9001 and the principles of HACCP to help ensure food safety for the global supply chain. FSSC 22000. As already mentioned, the FSSC 22000 scheme builds upon the ISO 22000 standard’s FSMS in creating a framework for processes. HARPC encompasses far more in the way of food safety assessment and control, than a traditional HACCP plan. BRCGS Global Standard For Food Safety Issue 8: Issue 7 To 8 Conversion Course This course provides attendees with an in-depth understanding of the revisions to the Standard requirements for Issue 8.
HACCP is the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points when dealing with food that is meant for consumer consumption. It was designed in the 1960s as a way to manufacture food for space flights. What first originated as 3 principles have now grown to 7 HACCP standards to ensure the highest quality grade of food preparation and production.. Backyard butchers 20 ribeyes for dollar39 review
Jan 14, 2019 · Although the proposed HARPC aligns well with the HACCP plan, it differs in part in that the science or risk-based preventive controls, rather than critical control points, are required. Therefore, the establishment of critical limits would not be required under the HARPC. However, the validity of preventive controls for minimizing the ... Guidance for Industry: Juice HACCP and the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act December 2021. Guidance for Industry: Refrigerated Carrot Juice and Other Refrigerated Low-Acid Juices June 2007 ... AIB International trains staff from companies seeking certification to bring their facilities up to internationally recognised standards of safety and cleanliness. As a food contact packaging manufacturing facility, we’ve implemented an HACCP-based product safety system. HACCP stands for “hazard analysis and critical control points” and ...HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point. It is a safe food production system originated and developed for U.S. Space Programme in 1960s when the idea of Critical Control Point (CCP) was first introduced to produce safe and uncontaminated foods for astronauts. Since the 1970s, HACCP was adopted by a number of large food ...HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points, and it is a management system that addresses food safety. A good HACCP plan analyzes the potential biological, chemical, and physical hazards that come up through the supply chain and addresses those risks. From raw material production and handling to processing, distributing and ... a) HACCP requires inspection of all foods for spoilage b) HACCP stands for hazard analysis critical control point c) HACCP is a system that focuses on procedures d) HACCP is intended to identify possible hazards and prevent themApr 26, 2019 · Think of HACCP principles as the steps you need to take to manage and control food safety risks in your business. 1. Conduct a hazard analysis. The first step in any Food Safety Plan (or HACCP Plan) is to identify all possible food safety hazards that could occur in your business. First, consider your processes. HACCP Principle 1. conduct hazard analysis. Develop a list of biological, chemical and physical hazards that are: *Reasonably likely to occur. *Reasonably likely to cause injury or illness if not effectively controlled. thorough hazard analysis is the KEY to preparing an effective HACCP plan.The acronym “HACCP” stands for “Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point.” It is a preventive approach implemented by industry to control food safety hazards. Using HACCP principles HACCP & Managerial Control of Risk Factors. Managing retail food safety embodies the principles of HACCP at retail and active managerial control on the part of industry. Regulators also play a ... What is HACCP (and what is a HACCP plan)? The acronym HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis (and) Critical Control Points. It’s an approach to food safety, attempting to minimize food risk as much as possible by analyzing and controlling biological, chemical, and physical hazards.What does HACCP abbreviation stand for? List of 68 best HACCP meaning forms based on popularity. Most common HACCP abbreviation full forms updated in August 2023AIB International trains staff from companies seeking certification to bring their facilities up to internationally recognised standards of safety and cleanliness. As a food contact packaging manufacturing facility, we’ve implemented an HACCP-based product safety system. HACCP stands for “hazard analysis and critical control points” and ...HACCP meaning in the food industry. The term HACCP can be defined as “ a systematic approach to the identification, evaluation, and control of food safety hazards ” (L.M. Crawford, in Encyclopedia of Food Safety, 2014). Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point puts a strong emphasis on preventing the contamination of food with illness ...Jun 29, 2016 · HACCP stands for Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points and outlines seven key principles in food safety: Hazard Analysis. Critical Control Points. Critical Limits. Critical Control Monitoring. Corrective Action. Procedures. Record Keeping. HACCP can be applied to all processes throughout each and every stage of the food supply chain. Setting a benchmark for food quality, safety, and processes across the world, ISO 22000 combines the core of ISO 9001 and the principles of HACCP to help ensure food safety for the global supply chain. FSSC 22000. As already mentioned, the FSSC 22000 scheme builds upon the ISO 22000 standard’s FSMS in creating a framework for processes.Nov 18, 2021. HARPC stands for Hazard Analysis and Risk-based Preventive Controls. Under the Preventive Controls Rule of the FDA FSMA law, all food businesses are required to have a HARPC system which is a science-based risk assessment and preventive control system for all the potential food safety hazards in your operations.Learn more about the 7 principles of HACCP and how they can help you to take control of the food safety risks in your business. ‘HACCP’ stands for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points, and is a food safety and risk assessment plan that was initially developed in the 1960s by NASA to solve two critical problems facing NASA's crewed space ....